Capital of the Czech Republic. The city of Prague has the earliest Jew community in Bohemia and is among the longest surviving and most important Jew centers in East Central Europe. From the seventeenth to the nineteenth hundreds of years, Prague was among the largest Jew communities in Europe. The existence of Jew retailers at Prague markets is now mentioned in a report from the Iberian Jew retailer Ibrhm ibn Yaqb in about 970. Jew settlement at that time was located near the princes market In the region below Prague Castle. Another community, near Vyehrad Castle, on the ideal bank of the Vltava River, is mentioned in a listing of 1091.

Anti Jew unrest broke out in Prague in 1096 in relationship with the First Crusade. The synagogue and the Jew area beneath the castle had been burned down in 1142. The focus of this settlement was concentrated along what's now irok Street. In its first period, Jews enjoyed the very same rights as Frankish retailers: they had been free to settle and to trade, could clinic crafts, and scholars of internal autonomy. By the elevenththirteenth countless years, Prague was a major centre of rabbinic culture. Many renowned scholars settled there, such as Yitsak ben Yaakov ha Lavan of Prague, his student Avraham ben Azriel, and Yitsak ben Mosheh.

The status of Jews in middle ages Prague deteriorated, however, under the effect of the Crusades and ecclesiastical edicts during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.