In order to save people, they once inserted pipes into others' chrysanthemums.

A video has been circulating on the Internet: one stray dog ​​dies across the street, the other stray dog ​​can only lick, slam, and even drag the companion's body. Animal instincts let people see "truth, goodness, beauty," and praise. However, if the protagonist is replaced by an adult, public opinion will probably become "surprised: a displeased mad man, who loves and hates and insults the remains of his friends".

But centuries ago, people really did this to save people.

At that time, people had realized that people might be "resurrected from death". In the present words, it is probably a rescue. But before the birth of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), early resuscitation techniques were diverse, enchanting, and suffocating.

            In the West this is a dark history

Don't look at modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation like a decent appearance, its development in the West also has a long black history.

In the face of unconscious companions, the most primitive response of humans is to awaken them through external stimuli, such as the "whipping method" and "heating method" described below.

In order to save people, the west used to use a stinging nettle whip to lash the "dead" vigorously. Rescuers yell at them, even slap in the face and spank in an attempt to bring their souls back to life.

After death, the body temperature will gradually dissipate, and the body will gradually become stiff. In order to restore a person's body temperature, "ignition" on his stomach seems logical. But it ’s not good to burn something. You have to burn the ashes and dry feces of the animals. I think that this can restore the heat and life of the cold body.

The fainted one may still be tossed up, and the dead one is justified "insulting the corpse".

Flogging and heating

Drowning was one of the earliest indications for resuscitation. In 1770, the "upside down method" appeared, that is, lifting people upside down to help drainage and ventilation. The "rolling barrel method" was also popular in the early to middle of the 18th century, placing people on wine barrels and rolling their feet back and forth. If you traveled to 1812 and saw someone running around in circles with horses, this is not the appalling religious ritual of the Middle Ages, but it is likely to be using the "horseback jolt" to save drowning people.

However, it is amazing that these methods had successful examples in Europe and the United States at that time, and it was probably that the back and forth force played a role in thoracoabdominal impact compression.

These are the "upside down method", "rolling bucket method", and "horseback bumping method", all of which are used to rescue drowning people.

In 1774, London physicians William Hawes and Thomas Cogan established the famous British Drowners' Rescue Society. Through its first aid method, you can get a glimpse of the "most advanced" rescue technology at the time:
Heat insulation, bury people in warm sand or hot water, or one or two volunteers to warm it up-this latter section seems to be common in martial arts novels.

Placing a person's head lower than the feet and applying manual pressure on the abdomen to remove swallowed or inhaled water, and itching the back of the throat with feathers to cause vomiting-this film is more suitable for Chow's movie.

Stimulates the human stomach and lungs by means of rectal fumigation, release of strong odors, etc.-taste is slightly heavier.

Breathing with a bellows-yes, the tool used to blow the fire when the stove was burned.

Bloodletting-medieval "tumor", please let me go.

Insulation, water control, physical stimulation of the intestines and lungs, ventilation and bleeding, according to the current concept, only "ventilation" is probably unsatisfactory, but the specific method is also difficult to say. At that time, the device gradually entered the medical resuscitation procedure. In 1530, Swiss doctor Paracelsus first blown air into the lungs with a fireplace bellows. This device was used in Europe for more than 300 years until a doctor found that the barotrauma caused by it was fatal. It means that the lungs will be blown up, and the bellows is also facing this problem.

16th century, bellows method

As for the operation of the "rectal fumigation method", it was introduced to Europe in the 17th century by American colonists who studied Indians. And it really became a "net red" operation, thanks to the crazy "carrying goods" of a British husband.

In 1746, the British husband was helpless in the face of a drowning and unconscious wife, and remembered the recent rise of the tobacco enema. Helplessly, the pipe was inserted into his wife's rectum and blown into the smoke. Miraculously, the wife recovered in the smoke Out of consciousness.

As a formal medical operation, in order to prevent infectious diseases and aspiration (this worry is obviously justified, not every doctor has the courage to mouth the patient's excrement), the device has been changed from a pipe to a special one Pipes need to be assembled as shown.

18th century tobacco enema assembly instructions

At that time, the rectal smoking method was almost universal, and it could also be used for the treatment of typhoid fever, headache and stomach cramps, showing its prevalence. This method was gradually abandoned until doctors discovered the toxicity of nicotine in tobacco.

In the 18th century, German doctors implemented the "rectal fumigation method"

Subsequently, human beings tried a series of wrong postures "horizontal and vertical," and finally, in the middle of the 20th century, they recognized mouth-to-mouth artificial ventilation and chest compressions, thereby creating the CPR Dafa.

         In ancient China, there were many ways of being eliminated.

The Western approach is relatively barbaric, and ancient China has developed a gentle method, using various medicinal materials that are said to have "Tongyang" effects, or acupuncture, moxibustion, and stimulating people. The theoretical basis is probably "its soul is next to the corpse, not far from each other, and it is moved by divine magic, the soul is possessed and can be born."

Mareridt (Nightmare), 1800 Danish painter Nicolas Abildgard

Li Shizhen, who wrote the Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty of China, compiled many ancient medical books and folk knowledge, and is also known for the dark cuisine version of "China on the Tip of a Tongue". The medicine used for the treatment of "Five Musts" has detailed records. For example, those who record the Five Musts can blow the dust on the beam into the ears and noses. "Liangshangchen" refers to the hanging dust in the ancient house. The composition is probably a mixture of spider silk and dust. In addition, the deceased drank the child's urine, and the stunned drank the alcohol, which was also dazzling. Boy urine has an irreplaceable important position in ancient times. It is a yang to the fullest; filling the scared person with wine is probably a living experience. Drinking wine is overwhelming.

Carding the development history of CPR, we can find that both China and the West have done a lot of "stupid things"; but when people look at the ancients with a high trend today, who knows how much knowledge is to be revised in the future, future What about today's people?

The so-called "resurrection" is actually because people have not completely died. One is that a person loses consciousness (coma) and can wake up or be awakened automatically without or with stimulation; the other is that although the heartbeat breathing temporarily weakens or stops, there is still a possibility of recovery. The standard of death today is brain death, not cardiac arrest. A set of rescue measures was developed based on the physiological mechanism that cardiac and respiratory arrest can recover.

In the end, we understand that medicine itself is an art that progresses through practice in the absurd.