Poets - 03 - Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 B. C.)
Virgil the great Roman Poet was born in Andes, Mantua, Italy, on the 15th October 70 B. C.
He studied at Cremona, Mediolanum, (present Milan) and Rome, Italy, with the idea of becoming a lawyer. But a career before the public did not appeal to his reserved and solitary nature and he soon devoted himself to philosophy and poetry.
His knowledge of Latin and Greek Poets and Roman history was extensive. The Roman poet Lucretius had a great influence on him. There are indications in his work of his particular interest in the works of Theocritus and Apollonius.
Virgil’s great learning is a very evident ornament of his work. Though he did not participate in military or political affairs, he was, throughout his life, close to those in power. He enjoyed the friendship of Octavian (later Augustus Caesar).
Virgil’s first collection, ten pastoral poems called the ‘Eclogues’ was followed by the ‘Georgics’ a poetic account of the countryside and rural life that he loved.
When he was 40, at the peak of his career, Virgil began work on the ‘Aeneid’ in which he sought to express Rome’s greatness and destiny glorifying its legendary origins.
Nine years later, with the ‘Aeneid’ almost completed, he caught a severe fever while returning from Greece. Protesting that the poem still needed three years of revision, Virgil requested before he died, that the manuscript be burned. Emperor Augustus denied the request, and published the ‘Aeneid’ after Virgil’s death.
What is the nature of Aeneid? Unlike the ‘Iliad’ and the ‘Odyssey’, which Homer composed in the tradition of oral storytelling, the ‘Aeneid’ is a literary work written to be read as well as heard. On the other hand the ‘Aaneid’ resemble the ‘Iliad’ in having a hero who fights battles and, ‘Odyssey’ in having a hero who undertakes long journeys.
Furthermore, Virgil imitates Homer’s metre, use of epithets, and portrayal of gods as manipulative.
Virgil’s ‘Aeneid’ fuses elements of the Homeric epics to create the story of Aeneas the Legendary Trojan prince who escapes from Troy when it was destroyed by the Greeks. Directed by the gods to found a new city that will eventually rule the world, Aeneas sets off with his aged father and young son. He eventually lands on the North African Coast, where he is welcomed by the queen of Carthage, Dido, who falls in love with him as he tells her and her court about the fall of Troy. Despite his love for Dido, Aeneas continues his search and finally founds the city that will fulfill and his people’s destiny.
About 37 B. C. Virgil settled in Rome, but his last years were spent chiefly in Naples, Italy.
He died at Brundisium, Italy on the 21st September 19 B. C. and was buried at Naples.
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