"Will similar protection or assurances ever exist with blockchain assets?"

They would have to be provided by third party, insurance type service, and may be cumbersome. There may simply be an ever-present tax on these sort of mistakes that can only be countered by pre-emptive actions. Remove the economic incentive to do this, and it will mostly disappear.

For example. Randowhale should have registered the account Randomwhale at the same time.