Tourette's syndrome (also called Tourette's disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or Tourette's or TS) is a neuropsychiatric disease that makes a person issued a spontaneous speech or movement (tic) without being able to control it. The disease is inherited and is often associated with sayings expenditure profanity, abusive, or insulting irresistible (koprolalia).

This disease was discovered in 1885 and named after its discoverer, the French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette.
In almost all children, Tourette's syndrome is a repetitive motions, where anxiety, stress, and fatigue often increases the incidence of neural uncontrolled movements.

The cause of Tourette SYNDROME

The cause of the emergence of Tourrete Syndrome can not be known with certainty. Experts estimate that genetic and environmental factors play important roles in this syndrome. However, many cases show that Tourette syndrome is not inherited from the parents.

Symptoms of Tourette SYNDROME

The early symptoms of Tourette Syndrome first emerged in childhood, especially ages 3-9 years. Many individuals with Tourette Syndrome have symptoms of hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior and other behavioral disorders.

The diagnostic criteria for Tourette's disease (Bagheri, Kerbeshian, & Burd, 1999):

1. Having more than one motor movement and one or more vocal nerve movement that has emerged at a certain time during illness
2. Motion nerve occurs in a lot of time in a day on a daily or intermittent during a certain period of time for more than one year, and during that period there was no period of time free from nervous motion for more than tga months.
3. The cause of disturbing the disease is characterized by stress or social nonconformity, relationships with others relating to important areas of functioning.
4. Appearance before the age of 18 years.
5. The annoying thing does not depend on the physical influence or drugs (such as stimulants) or a general medical condition (such as illness or postiviral Hutington encephalitis)

Treatment of Tourette SYNDROME

Besides the delivery of drugs that should continue to be provided, psychological therapy should also be made and given to the subject to assist in the prevention of Tourette's syndrome that is not getting worse.

1. Behavior Therapy
   Program providing positive reinforcement becomes a way that can help the nerves of motion irregularities. Target behavior may be categorized into two groups, namely deficiency of expertise or area specifically to a concentration to train social and academic skills, and behavior beyond the limits, it aims to help patients reduce the frequency of the appearance of behaviors that are owned.

2. Monitoring
   Although it is not something that is an emergency, such as self-injurious behavior or unforeseen circumstances, the therapist can follow the patient for several months before making tritmen that has been designed. Some of the objectives of the first phase of treatment is to: create a foundation of existing symptoms; find things related to difficulties in school, family, and relationships with friends; provide psychological and medical tests; watching the distance and the most frequent symptom fluctuations; and forming relationships.

3. Psychotherapy
   In addition, the therapist should use a special behavioral techniques (such as hypnotherapy and relaxation) and there will be other alternative treatments that can be done (such as acupuncture and dietary supplements). Specific cognitive behavioral techniques that can be developed to be used for certain patients with Tourette syndrome.

4. Habit Reversal
   Habit reversal consists of several components, namely the training of consciousness awareness training) and monitoring of self, relaxation training, response procedures replacement (competing response), sustainable management, and monitoring of discomfort. Patients will be given such things as household chores.

5. Supportive Therapy
   Under conditions of this support forms of therapy, patients choose their own topic of discussion in the sessions and focus on experiences, reflections, and express their feelings about what is going on in life and how to solve it.

6. Intervention schools
   But it would be better if people with Tourette syndrome can interact with friends in the class if it is not too high severity. This is so that the severity of the disease is not increased because it makes people feel the support and concern of friends at school.

7. Relationships with family
   Families can help patients to counteract the negative things that can destabilize the patient (Dhamayanti, Riandani, & Resna, 2003). A number of children who suffered damage neuropsychiactirc (nerve) and his family did need to get encouragement and services, especially those who are experiencing growth at the present time

8. psychoeducation
   In this case, the government should have a program that aims to provide knowledge and understanding to the whole community about mental health. This program may include the Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, BKKBN, to NGOs in the areas of health. Not only that, the government can introduce each existing disease through specific ways to improve public knowledge and make the public better understand and more concerned about the environment. This is because people actually need to give moral support to patients with a disease, in this case is Tourette syndrome to prevent increased severity of the disease. The public should be informed that Tourette syndrome is not contagious to fear.