Design of Efficient Solar Powered DC Micro Grid

Introduction:

In The PV panels absorb the sunlight rays and converted it to Direct Current (DC) voltage. In the presence of MPPT, the output from the PV panels can be varied with the electrical operating point so that system is able to deliver maximum available power [3].The photovoltaic solar array control MPPT, amplification voltage can be increased by DC-DC Boost Converter, that converts the direct current to alternating current by an inverter and synchronization control strategy to be safely connected to a utility grid. The maximum energy that has been captured will be utilized efficiently by DC Micro Grid [4]. DC microgrids are renewable technology that could be cheaper and more efficient. The main features of photovoltaic are cleanliness, no noise and very less maintenance [5].

Literature Review:

Photovoltaic cell is a renewable source of energy with no emission.The conversion of sunlight into electrical energy is a fascinative technology way of conversion. There are three basic way of conversion of sunlight into electrical energy that are
Parabolic trough
Solar tower
Photovoltaic
The crystalline form of PV cell have larger efficiency 20%.While mono crystalline have 18% and amorphous crystalline have 11% efficiency but amorphous has more cheaper than all of these and has less life.
Micro grid is a high efficient, reliable and clean power renewable energy source.

Statement of the Problem:
The world demand for electric energy is constantly increasing, and conventional energy resources are diminishing and are even threatened to be depleted. Moreover; their prices are rising. For these reasons, the need for alternative energy sources has become indispensable, and solar energy has proved to be a very promising alternative because of its availability and pollution-free nature. Due to the increased efficiencies and decreasing cost of photovoltaic cells and the improvement of the switching technology used for power conversion, we are interested in developing an inverter powered by PV panels and that could supply stand-alone AC loads and also be connected to the grid.
The photovoltaic solar panels are semiconductor devices which convert the solar illumination power directly to electricity. When it is used at large scale, the conversion efficiency is low. It has high initial cost.So, In view of all the above problems; we came here with sensor-based solar tracking system where the design and implementation of the system are easy and cost effective.The efficiency can be improved by using photo sensors (LDR) which sense the movement of sunlight.The efficiency can also be improved by DC-DC boost converter connected to the grid. It is clearly stated that there is no doubt of PV system has a good stand in the near future.

Research Methodology:

Solar panel is a technology that absorbs the sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity. In this project, we will use sun tracker sensor to control the movement of the solar panel with the the help of the DC gear motor and concentrated lenses which will concentrate the large area of sunlight on the small area of the solar panel. It consists of an LDR sensor that sense maximum amount of solar power which is being given to the microcontroller. The controller takes the decision according to its algorithm and moves the panel towards the direction of the maximum energy with the help of Dc motor [8]. After this DC-DC Boost converters are used for conversion of low voltage DC to high voltage DC [9].