Concrete

Introduction:

• Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates (sand, gravel 3/15), water and sometimes other additives giving an easy-to-use liquid mix and pouring it into a mold to get the desired shape after it hardening in a precise time.

PH01: materiel d'ecrasement des matériuax.

PH02:Photo prise dans le laboratoire d'un échantillon de ciment.

PH03:Photo prise dans le laboratoire d'un échantillon des granultas 0/3.

• Concrete is a material among the most used materials in the world (the second after water) commonly used in the construction world (houses, buildings, bridges, roads ... etc)

• This material is characterized by its high resistance to compression (constitutive law), it can withstand compressive loads up to 1000 bar.

PH04: eprouvettre de béton 4416 soumise à l'essai de compression.

• On the other hand, its tensile strength and flexural strength is small compared to its compressive strength.

PH05: eprouvettre de béton 4416 soumise à l'essai de flexion.

• For this concrete is generally reinforced by steel in the construction to withstand all loads of the structure.

source

• To verify that the concrete used for a requested work is requested to carry out a compression test on a 16/32 cylindrical specimen (16cm diameter / 32 cm height) or cubic specimens or other forms.

PH06: eprouvettes de béton 4x4*16.

PH07: presse ou machine de l'essai de compression.

• The concrete life after the setting of the cement is characterized by three important periods:
  1- [0-28 days]: setting and hardening of the concrete between the liquid phase up to 90% of the concrete resistance is obtained in the 28th day.
  2- [28-90 days]: 90% resistance at 28 days at 99% compressive strength at 90 days.
  3- after 90 days: the compressive strength of the concrete increases but with very small values that can be neglected therefore, it can remain years to reach these 100% of resistance to the compression.

• En laboratoire pour contrôler la qualité de ce matériaux on peut pas attendre beaucoup de temps pour voir les 100% du matériau donc en 28 jours on peut écraser et voir le résultat qui va donner directement la résistance de béton à la compression.

• After having the results in the laboratory, the construction engineer can intervene in time by changing the concrete formulation or any cause decreasing the quality of the concrete.

• Other machines can measure the quality of already hardened concrete, for example the sclerometer as it is shown in the following photo:

PH08: photo prise d'un sclérométre au laboratoire.

NB: the texts have been written by me

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