Camouflage

Butterfly camouflage on the wall of the house.

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A flounder disappears in the middle of its environment.

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A green lizard is harder to see among the grass

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Camouflage sniper team.

Camouflage is a method that allows an organism or object that is usually easily visible to be disguised or difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment. The examples are striped in tigers, zebra, grasshoppers, and combat stripes in the modern army. Camouflage is indeed a form of deceit and disguise.

The word camouflage in Indonesian is borrowed from the Dutch language, which in turn borrows from the French, 'camoufler' which means 'disguise'.

● Military camouflage

In the war in the past camouflage is not widely used. The armies of the nineteenth century tended to wear bright and bold colors, and striking designs. All of this is meant to make small-minded opponents, undermine mental and courage, attract recruits, strengthen bonds in unity or facilitate the identification of units in the fog of war.

Smaller and irregular pioneering units in the 18th century were the first to adopt the pale green and brown colors. Large troops retained their colors until they were convinced to replace them. After suffering many casualties, the British soldiers in India in 1857 dyed the color of their red pants into neutral colors, originally in a mud color called khaki (from Urdu meaning 'dusty'). This was only a temporary measure, and it became standard in the military service in India in the 1880s. But it was not until the Second Boer War in 1802 that the uniform of the whole British army was standardized in this color for their combat uniforms.

The United States soon followed Britain, adopting khaki in the same year. Russia followed it, in part, in 1908. Italian troops used the grigio-verde ("gray-green") in the Alps from 1906 and the whole army in 1909. Germany adopted the feldgrau ("gray field") color in 1910.

The other soldiers maintained their brighter colors. At the beginning of World War I France suffered a major defeat because its troops wore red pants (garance) as their uniforms. This was changed in early 1915, in part because of falling victims and partly because red was produced in Germany. The French army also adopted a jacket with a new color "blue horizon". Belgian troops began using khaki uniforms in 1915.

● Reference :

~ (Inggris) Alan Raven - Development of Naval Camouflage 1914 – 1945

~ (Inggris) Craig Roland - The Art of Camouflage - The History of Camouflage

~ (Inggris) Roy R. Behrens - Art and Camouflage: An Annotated Bibliography

~ (Inggris) Manual tentara AS FM 21-76 tentang kamuflase

~ (Inggris) Guy Hartcup - Camouflage: A History of Concealment and Deception in War (1980)

~(Inggris) WWII War Department Field Manual FM 5-20B: Camouflage of Vehicles (1944)

~ Blechman, Hardy and Newman, Alex (2004). DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material. DPM Ltd. ISBN 0-9543404-0-X.

~ Behrens, Roy R. (2002). FALSE COLORS: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage. Bobolink Books. ISBN 0-9713244-0-9.

● External links :

~ How Stuff Works

~ Camouflage of Individuals and Infantry Weapon

~ Roy R. Behrens, "The Thinking Eye: a Chronology of Camouflage" 2006

~ Roy R. Behrens, "Dazzle Camouflage: High Difference Camouflage (Hodgepodge)" 2006

~ "An informal study into camoflage"

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Photo shot from Aceh's nature in Banda Aceh

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Taken with the smartphone camera of Asus Toof and additional macro lenses

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