Where is Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin and blockchain design?
- Through the simple design of blockchain, Satoshi Nakamoto's original desire and design concept of an anarchist currency are realized
1. Perfect simulation of gold
- The total amount is controlled (inflation can be avoided) As mentioned earlier, there is only one rule for the issuance of Bitcoin: you keep a page of accounts (package a block), and the system will issue a few new coins out of thin air as a reward. How much is the reward?
On January 3, 2009, when the first block in the world was "discovered" by Satoshi Nakamoto himself, the rule at this time was that each block was rewarded with 50 bitcoins, and every 210,000 blocks (about 4 years) the reward is halved; until around 2140, the block reward is less than 1 satoshi (the smallest unit of bitcoin, that is, one billionth of a bitcoin). At this time, the total block reward is 21 million bitcoins. This is the source of the Bitcoin total limit of 21 million (20999999.97690000 to be precise)
- Mining has a price
The accounting (packaging of blocks) involves a huge cost of computing power;
A simple example can be given. Basically, for the problems that the system presents during mining, if you want to use your own notebook to find a correct answer for about 1.5 million years, think about how difficult it is, really The difficulty of digging gold is just so
- Can be divided infinitely
Although Bitcoin is currently worth 30,000, how can such a large denomination be used in specific use?
Don’t worry about this question, because in the specific payment use, Bitcoin can add a decimal point, that is, a few bitcoins are used in this way, and the maximum number of decimal points is added. Answer, the current minimum unit of Bitcoin is one hundred millionth (0.000 000 01 BTC)
2. Basically realized Satoshi Nakamoto's all monetary concepts based on anarchism
- Decentralized and equal participation rights
——No place called the central government can monopolize currency issuance. Everyone can mine (participate in the creation of new coins). No matter it is mining (currency issuance), or bookkeeping and storage of ledgers, all nodes can participate in mutual There is full and fair competition between them, and no one has privileges.
- Sustainable records, transparent content
——Records page by page of all accounts (a block is connected to a block) ——The contents of the accounts can be downloaded and viewed by any node
- Protect user privacy
——In the Bitcoin world, each user only needs to provide his own wallet address to receive money in each transaction, and this address does not show any personal attributes (physical attributes, social attributes, etc.) No) ——Compared with real life, whether it is a bank or a loan company, I can’t wait to study and record the 18th generation of the client’s ancestors.
- Reduce transaction costs
——Because Bitcoin is completely virtual, there is no concept of national boundaries, and no intermediary institutions, so the fee for transfer is so low that it is almost negligible (of course, there have been many strange changes in the market recently, which will be discussed later)
Although Satoshi Nakamoto wrote a paper and published an open-source software that "follows the suit and hides merit and fame", Bitcoin has since been able to operate without human control, and the whole system has been running like flying. ! Let the whole world boil.
Solved the "Byzantine Generals Problem" beautifully with an almost simple rule
What is the "Byzantine Generals Problem"?
The Byzantine Empire, namely medieval Turkey, possessed huge wealth. The surrounding 10 neighbors had been around for a long time, but the Byzantine walls were so strong that no single neighbor could successfully invade. Any single neighbor invading will fail, and at the same time it may be invaded by 9 other neighbors. The Byzantine Empire’s defense capabilities are so strong that at least half of its ten neighbors must attack at the same time before it can be broken. However, if one or several neighboring states agree to attack together, but the actual process of betrayal occurs, then the invaders may all be wiped out. Therefore, everyone is careful not to trust neighboring countries easily. This is the Byzantine generals problem.
In fact, the bad guys (or betrayers) in the Byzantine General’s problem, his ways of doing evil are nothing more than two broad categories and four:
(Negative) Do evil
-Don't say: silence (no comment)
-Do not do: do not act (do not participate in the action)
- It doesn't matter to remain silent
In the accounting rules of the blockchain, you can choose to be offline or not to respond to broadcasts-when you choose to be silent (offline or not to respond to any broadcasts of the system)-this matter has nothing to do with you, accounting for this matter It is enough to have a sufficient number of other nodes to keep accounts, which means that your silence has no effect on the system.
- Those who do not act have no effect
When you do not participate in checking calculations or accounting after someone has calculated the answer-I'm sorry but the account book you have cannot keep up with the complete account book. The entire network will ignore your version, and the effective account book will be based on the longest one. Your inaction has no effect on the final result
(Active) doing evil
-Telling lies: lying (what you say is not consistent with the truth)
-Do bad things: attack (hand it directly to turn the right into the wrong-in the blockchain scenario, the "attack" is to tamper with the account)
- Lying is invalid
The accounting rules of the blockchain are full of verification links, and any lies will not be accepted if they are not verified
-When you pay to others, others need to verify (verify that your password is correct, although I don't know what your private key is, but I can use the public key to determine whether the private key signature you provided matches)
-Any bookkeeper (miner) stood up and shouted, saying that I have found the answer (found the correct HASH value). Other bookkeepers will never just listen to you saying that, but will check and calculate first and see you Is the answer right?
- Attack cannot
The reason why the entire blockchain is designed as an interlocking chain (and because the perpetual record chain keeps accumulating and getting longer and longer)
——This will create extremely huge difficulties for the attacker, making any attempt to tamper with the account set against this account set an impossible task. The attacker modifies the transaction record on any page of the account because of the computing characteristics of HASH , The HASH address of this page account (current block) immediately changes,
-With this change, for the previous block and the next block, the HASH record (equivalent to the page number) of the current block is not correct, so the attacker must continue to tamper with the records of the previous block and the next block...sequentially By analogy, the tamper must eventually tamper with all tens of thousands of blocks, which is extremely difficult in itself!
-But even if he did the previous step, he still faces a new challenge: this ledger (mirrored copy of the blockchain) is stored on tens of thousands of nodes around the world, you have tampered with this one in your hand, and other people's ledger Isn’t that right? No one recognizes your account at all!
This forces attackers to tamper with at least 51% of the world’s ledgers. You must know that this is a global mining pool, so many GPUs have accumulated records after so many years-no one has the strength to fight against the whole world. The accumulation of the world's computing power to overthrow and start over.
Third, the significance of the blockchain has exceeded Bitcoin itself
In the public sphere, the black hole of human nature is an eternal problem for all "consensus, concerted action, and even order construction", and the "Byzantine Generals Problem" is extremely universal.
It is precisely because this problem is so universal.
However, the blockchain pioneered by Satoshi Nakamoto uses such a simple solution to provide an answer to this problem that is "logically impeccable and practical in reality".
This is also why the development and application of blockchain far exceed Bitcoin itself; in the not-too-distant future, blockchain may have an immeasurable and huge impact on the political, economic, and even cultural landscape of mankind.
