1. As of the last hardfork, you can now submit as many posts as you'd like each day.

2. Your vote power gets replenished at a rate of about 40 full strength upvotes per day - you could vote more but your votes will get weaker and weaker as time goes on if you go past this.

3. Your posts get paid out after 7 days, and then it'll arrive in your wallet as liquid funds. The general rule is that 25% of the overall payout amount goes to curators/voters , the remainder is split 50/50 between liquid funds (Steem Dollars or Steem) and Steem Power ("shares" in steemit that come with increased influence)

See the FAQ page here for more info https://steemit.com/faq.html
And the welcome page here https://steemit.com/welcome
You can also see your outstanding payouts totals here - https://steemviz.com/pendingpayouts