အသံ (voice)
image from google
အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္း သည္ ေလထဲတြင္ ျဖတ္သန္းသြားေသာ အသံလႈိင္း၏ အခ်ိန္ယူနစ္ျဖစ္သည္။ ေျခာက္ေသြ႕ေသာေလ ၂၀ °C တြင္ အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္းသည္ တစ္စကၠန႔္လ်င္ ၁၁၃၀ ေပ / ၃၄၃.၂ metres per second (၁,၂၃၆ kilometres per hour; ၇၆၈ miles per hour; ၆၆၇ knot) သို႔မဟုတ္ ၁ ကီလိုမီတာ၌ ၂.၉၁၄ စကၠန႔္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ၁ မိုင္၌ ၄.၆၈၉ စကၠန႔္ ျဖစ္သည္။အေငြ႕ထဲတြင္ အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္းသည္ အပူခ်ိန္ႏွင့္ ပါဝင္ပစၥည္းေပၚတြင္ မူတည္သည္။ သာမန္ေလထဲတြင္ ႀကိမ္ႏႈန္းႏွင့္ဖိအားေပၚ မူတည္ကာ အျမန္ႏႈန္း အားေပ်ာ့မႈသည္ ကြဲျပားသည္။ ေန႔စဥ္သုံးေျပာစကားမ်ားတြင္ အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္းကို ကမာၻ႔ေလထုအား ျဖတ္သန္းသြားေသာ အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္းကို ရည္ၫြန္းသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ၾကားခံနယ္တစ္ခုမွတစ္ခု ျဖတ္သန္းရသည့္အေျခေနအရ အသံ၏အျမန္ႏႈန္းသည္ ကြဲျပားသည္။ အသံသည္ အေငြ႕တြင္ အေႏွးေကြးဆုံး ျဖတ္သန္းၿပီး အရည္ထဲတြင္ ပိုမိုလ်င္ျမန္စြာ ျဖတ္သန္းကာ အစိုင္အခဲတြင္ ပိုမိုလ်င္ျမန္စြာ ျဖတ္သန္းသည္။ ဥပမာ အသံသည္ ေလထဲတြင္ တစ္စကၠန႔္လ်င္ ၃၄၃.၂ မီတာႏႈန္း၊ ေရထဲတြင္ ေလထက္ ၄.၃ ဆႏႈန္း (တစ္စကၠန႔္လ်င္ ၁၄၈၄ မီတာႏႈန္း)၊ သံထဲတြင္ တစ္စကၠန႔္လ်င္ ၅၁၂၀ မီတာႏႈန္း၊ စိန္ထဲတြင္ တစ္စကၠန႔္လ်င္ ၁၂၀၀၀ မီတာႏႈန္း အသီးသီး ျဖတ္သန္းသည္။
image from google
အစိုင္အခဲထဲရွိ အသံႏႈန္းသည္ အရည္ႏွင့္အေငြ႕ထဲတြင္ကဲ့သို႔ မတူညီေသာ ဖိသိပ္လႈိင္းမ်ားျဖင့္ ျဖတ္သန္းသည္။ ယင္းအား shear wave ဟုေခၚဆိုသည္။ အစိုင္အခဲထဲတြင္ ျဖတ္သန္းသြားေသာ အသံလႈိင္းသည္လည္း သက္ဆိုင္ရာအလိုက္ ကြဲျပားေသးသည္။ အရည္ သို႔မဟုတ္ အေငြ႕ၾကားခံနယ္တြင္ အသံႏႈန္းႏွင့္ ေ႐ြ႕လ်ားေနသည့္ အရာဝတၳဳ၏အခ်ိဳးကို မက္ခ်္နံပါတ္ March number ဟုေခၚဆိုသည္။ March 1 ထက္ေက်ာ္လြန္သည့္ မည္သည့္အရာဝတၳဳကိုမဆို ဆူပါဆိုးနစ္ဟု ရည္ၫြန္းသည္။
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