AFAIK the FDA doesn't fund any research, that is mainly done by the governmental agency NIH (National Institutes of Health, https://www.nih.gov/). For example, an annual academic research grant can be $1 million and up. Grants are usually given for a period of 2-3 years before they can be applied for renewal. Here in Canada the budgets are way less than that. One time one of our department researchers got a $500,000 grant. We felt like peasants, because most grants were in the range of 80-100k.

One thing I admire about the USA is (I think 25 years ago) when the recession was hitting hard, the US gvmt faced the decision to cut funds for research. They wisely chose not to do so, and the american research has boomed since then.