Psychological Schools in the 20th Century: Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Humanistic Psychology. /part 5/

Rogers ideas are in the field of psychology of education; humanistic psychology; psychotherapy; personal and social psychology; philosophy of psychology and theoretical psychology. He creates a theory that people aspire to growth and perfection but encounter factors that block their attempts to achieve that goal. Rogers believes in the uniqueness and value of the human personality. The life experience of man is individual and unique. The degree of identity of the phenomenal field of reality Rogers calls congruence.

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Violated congruency causes tension, anxiety and neuroticity of the personality. For kings, emotional disorders arise mainly from: the negative self-image that people create; the mismatch between perceived self-image and actual experiences; the refusal of the people to admit directly and freely in their minds such aspects as are not in accordance with the created self-image; the propensity of people to become superintendent; self-esteem or inferiority. Rogers highlights the importance of the adequacy of self-esteem, and argues that it is important that it be flexible, changing depending on the situation. When a person is in a situation where there is a disorderly congruence between the self-image and the real self-image, he is in a situation of threat and there are two possibilities of protection: denial and perceptive distortion. Describing the healthy personality - fully functional, Rogers includes the following qualities: openness to experience; existential life; organizational trust, freedom of experience, creativity. His client-centered psychotherapy aims to help the client remove these obstacles. It focuses here and now on the way of direct approach to obstacles in human life.

By developing his therapy, Rogers brings together the idea of ​​self-actualization and congruency. His personality-centered approach is aimed at helping the client discover their good inner essence and gather all the parts of the Self that one is accustomed to stalking. Rogers pays special attention to the relationship between the therapist and the client, and the therapist must be sincere, empathetic and respectful. Its concept has common features with the ideas of E. Maslow, with the concept of A. Adler. From Rogers' centered treatment to one's personality, one of the most common psycho-correction and group therapy training techniques: encounter - groups / meeting groups / began. When it comes to humanistic psychology, usually A. Maslow is referred to as her chief ideologue. By accepting the ideas of gestalt psychologists, Maslow sets himself the task of creating a complete psychological concept for man. Defines its approach as "holistic", ie. complete. His theory of the hierarchy of basic needs is an explanatory principle of personal development. Needs levels are: physiological; safety and security; of love and affiliation; from respect ; from self-realization.

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part 1

part 2

part 3