翻译 EOS vs Ethereum - 泰坦之战

原文地址: eos-vs-ethereum-clash-of-the-titans
author: @mohit18jan

Recently, Dan Larimer along with the eos.io team, announced the development of EOS, a consensus blockchain operating system that provides databases, account permissions, scheduling, authentication, and internet-application communication to app developers.

近日，Dan Larimer与eos.io团队宣布开发一个共识区块链操作系统-EOS ，为应用开发者提供数据库，账户权限，调度，账户认证以及应用间通讯等功能。
Since the launch of EOS token, the comparisons are being drawn between EOS and Ethereum. EOS and Ethereum are both decentralized smart contract platforms that enable users to develop decentralized applications (dapps).
自EOS代币发售以来，经常有人对EOS与Ethereum之间进行比较。EOS和Ethereum都是去中心化的智能合约平台，允许用户开发去中心化的应用(dapps).

Ethereum is currently by far the largest and most successful platform for decentralized applications, but not without its fair share of limitations. Vitalik buterin recently accepted in a post made on Reddit’s Ethereum trading community that “Ethereum’s scalability sucks; the blockchain design fundamentally relies on bottlenecks where individual nodes must process every single transaction in the entire network”.

Ethereum是迄今为止规模最大也最成功的去中心化应用平台，但是也有其限制。Vitalik Buterin最近在 Reddit’s Ethereum 交易社区的一篇帖子之中承认“Ethereum可扩展性很操蛋;区块链的底层设计存在瓶颈，单个节点上，必须对整个网络之中的每一笔交易都要进行处理”。

Though, there are many differences in EOS and Ethereum with respect to design and vision, let’s look at some of them:
不过，在EOS和Ethereum的设计和愿景上存在诸多差异，我们看一下其中的一些区别：

EOS

Delegated Proof of Stake
委托股权证明机制(DPOS)
Mechanism to freeze and fix, broken or frozen applications
损坏程序的修复机制(冻结和修复损坏或冻结的程序)
No risk of fork spawning multiple chains
无多条区块链分叉的风险
A legally binding constitution establishes a common jurisdiction.
用具有合法约束力的区块链宪法，建立共同的司法管辖．
Provide all of cryptography and blockchain communication functions to allow developers to focus on their business specific logic functions.
为开发者提供全套的加密和区块链通讯功能，使得开发者能够专注于商业逻辑的功能开发．
Vertical and Horizontal scaling can push the network to millions of transactions per SECOND.
通过横向和纵向的扩展，可以让EOS网络处理能力达到每秒处理上百万笔交易．
Will be able to support thousands of commercial scale decentralized applications.
可以支持数千个工业规模的去中心化应用
Denial of Service attacks on a given app cannot disrupt the entire network.
对单个app的拒绝服务(DoS)攻击，不会让整个网络中断.
Zero transaction fees, no cost for developers expect the initial EOS tokens.
零交易费用，除了初始的EOS代币外，开发者无其它成本

Ethereum
Proof of Work with a planned transition to POS/POW hybrid
工作量证明机制，计划向POS/POW混合机制迁移

Failed and broken applications either result in investor losses or hard forks (e.g. failure of the DAO resulted in ETH and ETC).
失败和损坏的程序，会造成投资损失，或者区块链硬分叉(DAO程序的失败，导致了ETH和ETC的分叉)

Fixing one failed application requires disruption in complete network
修复一个失败的程序，需要中断整个网络

Early test networks achieved 25 transactions per second which can likely be optimized further to 50 or 100 transactions/second.
前期测试网络的处理能力是25笔交易每秒，经过优化之后，可能达到每秒50或100笔交易．

Vitalik Buterin has laid out a roadmap to ‘unlimited scalability’ through the concept of sharding, which is technologically challenging and currently in progress.
Vitalik Buterin提出了无限扩容路线图，通过数据库切片的方式来实现，该扩容方式具有技术难度，正在进行开发。

A flood of transactions can always freeze the network.
暴涨的交易量通常会让整个网络冻结拥堵.
Gas fees are required in exchange for every calculation, storage operation, and bandwidth utilization.
每一次计算，存储操作和带宽占用，都需要消耗Gas费.

EOS recognizes that many different applications require the same types of functionalities and seeks to provide those functions, such as implementations of the cryptography and app/blockchain communication tools needed by many applications. It provides a complete package as a blockchain, to let a developer focus solely on application development. For an example, assume if every mobile manufacturer had to create an operating system such as android or IOS, the number of mobile manufacturers would have been drastically low.
EOS认为，不同的应用中，往往需要同样类型的功能．他们希望能够提供这些功能，如加密和app/区块链通讯工具，很多应用都会用到。EOS以区块链的形式提供了一套完整的工具包，使得开发者只需专注于应用的开发即可．举个例子，假如所有的手机制造商都需要自己创造一个如安卓或者IOS的操作系统，那么，手机制造商的数量将会剧烈减少．

Mechanism and Governance:

原理和管理机制
One issue with the current Proof-of-Work implementation behind the Ethereum network is the difficulty in fixing broken applications. Recently the DAO suffered a critical bug/hack/failure, leading to a network split in blockchain (ETC).
以太坊网络当前对工作证明机制的实现存在一个问题，即修复损坏的程序是很困难的．DAO出现了致命的bug，被黑客攻击而项目破产，使得以太坊网络分裂为ETC和ETH．

What if there is another situation where a buggy contract results in the loss of millions of dollars. Will Vitalik Buterin and the leaders of the Ethereum community do another hard fork and will that result in another network split where you end up with Ethereum Classic Two or something along those lines?
如果再有这样的情况，某个存在缺陷的合约导致了数百万美元的损失，又该如何应对？Vitalik Buterin和其他以太坊社区的领导者，需要进行另外一次硬分叉么？再弄出一个Ethereum Class Two，或者其它的支链么？

Also, a buggy smart contract led to a loss of over $10 million worth of ether for QuadrigaCX, which is a cryptocurrency exchange in Canada. Therefore, a buggy smart contract on Ethereum will most certainly lead to either investor’s loss or a hard fork that will disrupt the entire network.
另外，存在缺陷的智能合约，曾导致一家加拿大数字货币交易所QuadrigaCX，损失了超过价值一千万美元的以太币．因此，如果以太坊上面智能合约存在漏洞，要么会导致投资者损失，要么导致硬分叉，中断整个网络．
EOS can freeze and fix, broken or frozen applications. If there’s a bug in your application — then community can freeze it and then deploy a fix without disrupting the entire network. In short, a hard fork in EOS will be handled as a regular thing.
EOS可以冻结和修复有问题的应用。如果在你的应用之中存在缺陷-社区可以冻结该应用，部署修复代码，而不需要中断整个网络。简而言之，在EOS上硬分叉会被当做常规事务一样的处理。

Scalability – A Game Changer?

可扩展性--规则颠覆者？

In Dan’s EOS presentation at Consensus 2017, he highlighted the number of transactions per second of a few consumer services. For mass adoption of blockchain technology, scalability is of utmost importance.
Dan在2017共识大会上所做的EOS展示，重点强调几个消费者服务的处理能力，能够达到数千笔交易每秒。对区块链应用的大规模应用而言，可扩展性是异常重要的。

In Ethereum, early test networks achieved 25 transactions per second (in somewhat optimized conditions), which could likely be increased to 50 or 100 tx/s with optimizations. This is nowhere near to the required transaction speed to run big decentralized applications such as financial institutions and social networks.
Vitalik Buterin has laid out a roadmap to "unlimited scalability" which heavily relies on the concept of sharding, within two years timeframe.
在Ethereum上，早期的测试网络达到了25笔交易每秒(在一些优化的条件下), 经过优化，有可能达到50或100笔交易每秒. 对于金融机构和社交网络等大型的去中心化应用来说，这种处理速度远远不够。Vitalik Buterin提出了一个“无限扩容”路线图，开发周期为两年，严重依赖数据库切片技术。

Sharding is a concept of breaking the database down into smaller chunks called “shards” and spreading those across a number of distributed servers.
切片概念是指将数据库分割为更小的部分，叫做＂shards＂,然后在分散的服务器上传播这些切片．

Though doubtful due to complex technical limitations, if it turns out well, Ethereum can be expected to continue to enjoy the advantage of being first mover in blockchain smart contracts.
虽然由于存在复杂的技术限制，对该方案存在种种疑虑，不过，如果该方案成功，可以预期，Ethereum将会继续享受作为区块链智能合约平台的先发优势。

EOS will use vertical and horizontal scaling to make possible blockchain scalability to potentially millions of transactions per second. It will rely on a proven technology called Graphene, which has been shown in stress tests to achieve 10,000-100,000 transactions per second. Through vertical and horizontal scaling, it is likely to go up to millions of transactions per second.
EOS会利用纵向与横向扩容技术，使得区块链的扩展能力，可能达到每秒处理数百万笔交易的级别。它依赖于一项叫做石墨烯(Graphene)的可靠技术, 在压力测试中，该技术能够实现每秒钟10,00-100,000笔交易的处理能力。通过纵向和横向扩展，实现每秒钟数百万笔交易的处理量，还是有可能的。

Conclusion:

结论:
Do we have a winner here? Not right now!
谁是胜利者？还未知晓！

I believe that both are great technologies and can co-exist together (e.g. Windows and Mac). However, EOS will have an advantage of building a blockchain from scratch with the required mechanism for commercial level decentralized applications. This post is little biased towards EOS, as every post has a tint of author’s perception and belief.
我相信，两者都是很重要的技术，可以共存(像Windows和Mac那样)。然而，在从零开始构建商业级别的区块链应用时，EOS更有优势。这篇文章略微偏向EOS，毕竟，每篇文章都会不可避免的带有作者的看法和信念。

Note: I do not own any EOS or Ethereum tokens, and the information in this article should not be considered as an investment advice.
备注: 本人并不持有EOS或Ethereum代币，本文中的信息不可被视作投资建议

References:
http://www.eos.io
http://www.ethereum.org
EOS - Ethereum killer?
EOS.IO Technical White Paper