Chinese civilization
three half the Millennium celestial Empire is one of the Center of the universe and contribute invaluable for the history of the world, develop Arts and crafts, culture and tradition. Unfortunately, all ever decline, so civilization China experiencing the same fate that could not be redeemed.technologically, Western world more advanced since the early 20th century has gradually encourages the Chinese to roles low in the international Arena.and the desire to build communism, somehow, not successful enough overlap with the characteristics of mental Southeast Asia.
settlement first completed farmers in the River Valley China's largest Yangtze River and yellow River, according to archaeologist, dated about 5 of thousands of years before Christ. period prehistoric take place of about 8500 until 2070 BCE. and hardly leave documentary evidence, end up in the formation of dynasty ancient Chinese Xia (2070-1600 BCE). people worship divinity "Shang-in", the highest in the pantheon Holy, control all elements.
the Sun, moon, Mountain and River respected, ceremony and sacrifice done at the time of extraordinary events. there cult ancestor worship, which then reflected in the Confucian. Emperor is a high priest and is considered as God
dynasty ruling from Shang-Yin is about 150-200 thousand. residents and hold the relatively smaller than the North-East China downstream yellow River, where he break into the Plains, with a capital Anyang in the northern part of Henan province modern. in 1027 BCE. state Shan-Yin conquered by tribe Chou, which ruler ruled the country to 256 BCE. Zhou dynasty also known as "dynasty bronze", as bronze be established and widely used for manufacturing goods, tools, tools and weapons.
according to legend, alien announced that the ruler Shan have lost "Grace heavenly" (command given gods to rule the state), and it is forwarded to the dynasty new. in the future, "the Grace of heavenly" has a lot of time passed on hand to hand, but always has been justification for the main political change, providing legal status to each rebel successfully customized intermediaries main between heaven and subjects.
rulers feudal of dynasty Empire Shang and Zhou hardly had ascendancy over their followers strong. However, the existence of Lord talking about the existence of general cultural widespread that during this period embraced basins Yangtze River and quickly spread to the South. penetration and further expansion of civilization China in Southeast Asia continues even after 8 C.. BC Zhou dynasty lose the remains of prowess and China split into the Kingdom of conflicting.
, то, что объединяет все вещи и все явления в одно существование. from the era of countries war, the winner is a state of Qin, which gives name for Chinese modern. be the Emperor's first Chinese unified, ruler Shi-huangdi began to reshape the country for your understanding own. execution, persecution and exile become the usual. repression mass overthrow the power of the former ruler feudal local and Press the desire to fight. Chinese version of the Inquisition Europe burn rolls-roll and texts philosophers ancient, fall into the writings of the author embarrassing, and with people educated unfriendly cruelly crack down on the views "false" and free-thinking.
at the same time, era Qin entering the Chinese history as the time of the application of integrated Chinese writing, calligraphy, downsizing system weight and size. in China, calligraphy be the first of art to undergo theory and outlines the Canon-Canon classic. simultaneously, the Kingdom of hold public works magnificent, road network Park has been set, and to protect against the worst enemy - tribal Predators of immigrants - North built the great Wall, development has occupied by a total of about 1 million people.
"long Wall" long almost 9.000 km (and the total length of 21.200 km.), it survive to this day and is a monument largest architecture of the world. a legend of the ancient explain the location of the Wall: direction and location of the building is shown by the Dragon huge. she passed the border of the state, and workers founded the Wall in the location of his footsteps. form of the walls are similar to the Dragon floating. Stone and structural design complex widely used in the construction of the Wall in the East,and in places where the Stone is the luxury of affordable for the lack (ground West, province of modern Gansu, Shaanxi) - to build a mound great. parameters adjustment average of the same with 7,5 am, and the width of the back is 5.5 am, basic inflate 6,5 am. tower.
only three years after the death of Shi huangdi (209 BCE), dynasty Qin ousted. the successor less despotic, Han, ruled the country for 400 years with the rest of 16 (9-25 ad). civilization China has entered the period of maturity, and military campaign has expanded the power of the Empire much to the South, to the Gulf of Tonkin. in the scope of the influence of China, Vietnam and Korea entering 18 century long. expansion to Central Asia allows to build a trade routes "silk" to the West, and silk China even known in the ancient Rome.
*to trade and cultural Exchange between East and West is very important is great silk road - the way the caravan connecting East Asia to Mediterranean in ancient times and the middle ages. that way paved in the second century BCE, led by Lanzhou of xi'an to Dunhuang, which is divided: North road through turpan, then cross Pamir and go to Fergana through Samarkand and Kazakhstan steppe, - South near lop nor in the Southern edge of the desert taklimakan through yarkand and Pamir cause bactria, and then - in parthian, Antioch, India and the middle East up to the Mediterranean sea. this term is introduced by geographer Germany Ferdinand von richthofen in 1877. *
Han sovereign dominate the throne China from 206 BCE. for 220 years of the ad. this is one of dynasty China's most famous, which is still the largest ethnic group in China (about 92%). although modern Chinese inhabited by representatives of 56 nationality and ethnic groups, they all considered a National minority with the only exception - Han. other countries Zhuang, Hui, Uighur, Miao, Manchu, Tibet, Mongolia, tujia, float, Korea, Dong, Yao, Bai, Hani, Kazakh tie if, Fox, he is,
lahu, WhatsApp, Shui, Dong-syany, naxi the Kyrgyz, which Qiang, cycle, tszinpo, ass, sibo, Salar, month, Gael, people maonan, Tajik, pumi, etc., because of its small size they are grouped into ethno-linguistic larger groups: China, Tibet-Burman, Thailand, kadayskie, Mon-Khmer, Mongolia, Turkey, Indo-European nation tungusic and others. how diverse image population China can be assessed the number of the language used in the territory; 299 their.
the achievement of the most famous of the era of Han is the discovery of paper. this is not a paper we used. it's not White or thin, it is made of hempen destroyed, but it's quite fit to write. after this, the people of Han find ink.
in the era of Han developing science, Arts and public administration. Confucianism appointed to the level of philosophy countries. take the best of Taoism and other sources, the teachings of Confucius be benchmarks behavior of a officials loyal. the governor Han introduce inspection system to fill the position, need depth knowledge and preparation of the years. as a result, a class officials scientific, which has advantages Statesman, scribes and the people of art, established in China.officer in the hierarchy of ancient Chinese located in the community of farmers and slave without the right, but under a nobility, which disubordinasikan exclusively to the governor.
through the effort "Mandarin", so many of them century later dubbed Portuguese (this word from said Sanskrit "a spell", the board), cultural Heritage inherited from generation to generation, to officials Confucianism and ethics Confucian intact, which survive a dynasty by one. every officials realize his fate incredible - to serve as a transmission mechanism of small things. even when the country conquered by tribes nomadic, invaders entrusted management of the state of caste bureaucracy the same.the order of eternal it remains Chinese culture unwavering and mighty over the years, assimilate newcomers. force absorb all of this play a decisive role after the fall of Han dynasty in the third century. N. Hey. in the northern dynasty Barbarian power, anywhere else - landlord feudal and Prince kind,
