What is the block chain -- The manufacture of bitcoin / 区块链是什么(三) -- 比特币的制造

大家听到这里，比特币转账的方式有了大体的感觉。大家此刻心中一定憋了一个问题、大问题，货币是各国央行发行的，而比特币是去中心化的，那谁来发行比特币呢？也就是说，比特币是怎么创造出来的。比特币是挖出来的，使劲在网络里挖，就能挖出金矿比特币，简称“挖矿”。挖矿，这当然是很形象的说法，到底啥是个挖矿呢？这里就必须要引入我们的主题概念——区块链。

As you hear it, the way in the transfer of bitcoin has a general feeling. You must have a problem and big problem at the moment. Currency is issued by central banks, and bitcoin is centralization. Who will issue bitcoins? That is, how bitcoin is created. Bitcoin is dug out, and in the network can be dug, dug up gold coins, referred to as "mining". Mining, this is certainly a very image of the argument, in the end what is mine? Here we have to introduce our theme concept - block chain.

在比特币的世界里，每时每刻，都会发生很多比类似Alice转账Bob的交易，把每十分钟内的交易记录打包在一起，就叫区块——block。把比特币一诞生就开始的所有交易记录都链接起来，也就是把这些区块连接起来，就构成了区块链——Block chain。那比特币怎么产生的呢？没有比特币，你交易个nothing，估计有人都急了。别急，马上到关键所在了。

In bitcoin world, every time, there will be many transactions that are similar to Alice transfer Bob, and the transaction records in every ten minutes will be packaged together, called block block. Link all the transaction records that begin with the birth of bitcoin, that is, to connect these blocks to a block chain - Block chain. How did the bit of the bit come from? No bitcoin, you trade a nothing, it is estimated that some people are urgent. Don't be in a hurry. It's right now.

却说每十分钟的交易信息被打包记录，这就是一个区块；整个网络上的电脑都在抢夺这个区块的记账权利，谁抢到这个记账的权利，谁就可以获得这个区块创造出来的比特币。2009年，中本聪创造了第一个区块，被称为“创世区块”，其本人就获得了第一个区块奖励的50枚比特币，这也是比特币世界的第一笔交易记录，永远载入这个区块里。（每一枚比特币都是追根溯源有据可查的）。

It is said that every ten minutes of transaction information is packaged and recorded. This is a block. The computers on the whole network are grabbing the right of account in the block. Whoever wins the right to record accounts can get the bitcoin created in the block. In 2009, Zhong Ben Cong created the first block, known as the "creation block", and won the first block award of 50 bitcoins, which is also the first transaction record of bitcoin world, which is always loaded into the block. (every bit of bitcoin is traced to the source).

所谓挖矿，就是抢夺记账权利，从而获得奖励，奖励就是比特币。为什么会有人不停的挖，因为比特币世界里每十分钟生成一个区块，哪个电脑抢到了记账权、构建了这个区块，哪个电脑就获得该区块的奖励，这就是挖矿。既然可以不停的挖，那比特币这种虚拟矿产就是“取之不尽用之不竭”的喽？NO,绝非如此，比特币的数量是有最高限额的——2100万枚比特币。所以比特币这种矿是越挖越少，中本聪设计的特别妙，就是每个区块的奖励每四年减半。我们刚说了，中本聪造出第一个区块的时候、获得50枚的奖励，四年后，就是到了2013年、奖励就减半了，2017年再次减半。所以当下每个区块的奖励是12.5枚比特币，等到了2140年比特币产量就将趋于0，从而将比特币的总量恒定在2100万枚。截止目前，网络世界已经创造出1500w枚比特币。

The so-called mining, is robbing accounting for bonuses, the right reward is bitcoin. Why would anyone stop digging, because bitcoin world every ten minutes to generate a block, which got the right accounting, computer to build this block, which can get the computer block reward, this is mine. Since you can keep digging, the virtual mineral of the bit is "inexhaustible"? NO, not so, the number of bitcoins has the highest limit - 21 million bits. So the mining of bitcoin is less dug and less, and it is especially good to design by Zhong Ben Cong. It is that the reward of each block is halved every four years. We just said, when Ben Cong built the first block, he got 50 awards. After four years, in 2013, the reward was halved, and it was halved again in 2017. So the reward for each block is 12.5 bitcoins. Until 2140, bitcoin output will tend to be 0, so that the total amount of bitcoin will be 21 million. Up to now, the Internet world has created 1500W bits.

简而言之，挖矿就是抢夺生成区块的权利、抢夺记账的权力，也就是抢夺为全网服务的权力。一旦抢到这个权利，所奖励的比特币就写在得到的区块上，然后系统告知整个区块链的所有节点，获得全网确认后，这个区块便成为合法的新增区块，整个区块链又多了一个区块。

In short, mining is robbing the rights, snatch block generation accounting power, is for the whole network service power snatch. Once the right is grabbed, the bitcoin awarded is written on the obtained block, and then the system is informed of all the nodes of the entire block chain. After obtaining the whole network confirmation, the block becomes a legitimate new block, and the whole block chain has another block.

现在大家关心的是，既然那么多电脑都争夺记账权，那系统是如何决定谁来记账的呢？中本聪真的很本聪，他的设计是出一道很难的数学题，谁最先算出来，谁就创立了这个区块，谁就获得奖励。这可不是一般的数学题，是一种很傻很傻的数学题，名字叫hash算法。

Now the concern is, since so many computers are competing for the right to account, how does the system decide who will keep the account? This is a very difficult mathematical problem in his design. Who is the first to calculate the problem, who founded the block, who will be rewarded. This is not a general math problem, it's a silly, silly math problem called hash algorithm.

这个hash算法听着很harsh，这会儿先打住，我们再回顾一下刚才的概念，再继续。

The hash algorithm is listening to harsh, now stop first, we'll look at just the concept, and then continue to.

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