Application of block chain technology in shipping field 区块链技术在航运领域的应用

In the next 10 years, the field of technology, represented by the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and block chain, will be developed rapidly. The Internet of things represents advanced production tools, artificial intelligence represents advanced productivity, and the block chain represents advanced production relations. This paper looks into the application of block chain technology in the development of ocean trade with the business model of ocean trade. From the current shipping business mode, block chain technology will play an irreplaceable role in the field of smart documents, asset supervision, data auditing and so on.

1. Intelligence documents

The essence of the intelligence document is "believing that a man is not as good as a machine". Although the system is not so sentiments and it operates coldly, it also excludes all human interference.

Shipping involves many transactions, and the price structure is complex. Each section applies different laws and regulations. At present, as a center of information processing, a document company is handling all kinds of expense audit procedures day by day. Smart documents is a good solution to this problem, using the block chain intelligent technology contract, only the original documents and personnel entry by logistics suppliers and shippers jointly issued, the system of automatic data deduction and automatically give trading instructions, freight and transportation constitute a very transparent, the owner can clearly see every penny in what place.

Two. Asset supervision

Block chain technology, banks only need to provide a ship owner specifically for the smart side chain, usually by the transport goods, freight contracts are written in the contract of the smart side chain, and through intelligent contract enforcement assets chain and ownership records, understand the real operation by visiting the bank side the chain of data, and the owner through the block chain technology for public information operations Funds Trust, and ultimately realize their own fleet renovation and capacity growth objective.

Three. Data audit

Because of the irreversible and timestamp attributes of block chain technology, the audit cost is greatly reduced and the audit results are more transparent. The introduction of multi block chain production system, the audit unit only needs to deploy a distributed machine on your account real office, audit data entry and update will be synchronized to the copy machine account, which in time and space dimensions to broaden the scope of the audit, to protect the integrity of the audit data.

From the present situation, most airlines just out of nearly ten years of continuous shipping trough, on its own R & D strength is not enough to embrace the blockchain technology, especially the existing enterprise information architecture in business support, risk management, regulatory compliance and system compatibility in mature, there are still many chain blocks of immature, hastily put may bring high sunk cost. As a result, some forward-looking airlines have begun to choose the team with the development strength of the block chain. Combining the development needs of enterprises and the technology of block chain, we create a new business development mode, and then improve efficiency, reduce costs and enhance the competitiveness of the industry.

The Beidou chain is to adapt to the needs of the enterprise, and is born in an enterprise level block chain technology open and application platform. And creatively put forward the concept of "trading engine", to adapt to the diverse needs of different enterprises to the diversification of the block chain. After the trading engine is an intelligent contract, there is a major breakthrough in the area of the block chain. It abstracts trading rules from different industries into transaction models. Enterprises only need to call one or more combinations of engines to configure different parameters in the business system, so that they can meet individual needs of different enterprises.

The block chain technology services provided by the Beidou chain for enterprises include:

1, public chain assets issuance; help enterprises to issue their own digital assets, and efficiently and low cost, and achieve business mode transfer from traditional mode to "quasi financial" mode.

2, private chain deployment; customizing and deploying private chain network for enterprises, helping enterprises establish and maintain network nodes, and realize the deep integration of block chain application and other information systems of enterprises.

In January 28, 2018, Zhang Lei, founder of Beidou chain and CEO Xu Dapeng, discussed the cooperation mode, development direction and application prospect of shipping business and block chain in the future, and analyzed the characteristics and problems of traditional shipping business. Based on the characteristics of block chaining, centralization, openness, transparency, efficiency and convenience, the combination of the two can avoid existing problems, and greatly improve work efficiency, increase the overall liquidity of the industry, and effectively solve the pain points in the industry. Finally, the two sides agreed on future cooperation and signed a strategic cooperation agreement, which opened a new direction for the application of block chain shipping and a new and perfect shipping system.

未来10年，以物联网、人工智能以及区块链为代表的技术领域将得到迅猛发展。物联网代表先进生产工具，人工智能代表先进生产力，区块链代表先进生产关系。本文就结合海洋贸易的业务模式，展望一下区块链技术在海洋贸易的发展过程中的应用。 从目前的航运业务模式来说，区块链技术未来将会在“智能单证、资产监管、数据审计”等领域发挥不可替代的作用。

一、智能单证
智能单证的精髓是“相信人不如相信机器”，虽然系统毫无情怀可言且冷冰冰运作，但也排除一切人为干扰。
航运涉及的交易环节众多，价格构成复杂，各个区段适用不同的法律法规，目前作为信息处理中心化架构的单证公司夜以继日的处理各类使费审核环节。智能单证的出现较好的解决这一问题，利用区块链智能合约技术，单证人员只需录入由物流供应商和货主联合签发的原始凭证，系统自动对数据进行推演并自动发出交易指令，运费及运力构成极其透明，货主可以清晰地看到自己的每一分钱花在什么地方。

二、资产监管
区块链技术下，银行只需提供船东一条专门为船舶制定的智能侧链，凡是由该轮运输的货物种类、运价合同都写在该侧链的智能合约里，并通过智能合约执行资产上链及确权记录，银行通过访问侧链数据了解企业真实经营情况，而船东通过区块链技术公开运营信息来换取资金方信任，最终实现自身船队翻新和运力增长的目的。

三、数据审计
由于区块链技术的不可逆和时间戳属性，使得审计成本大幅下降，审计结果更加透明化。引入多级区块链生产系统后，审计单位只需在自己现实的办公地点部署一台分布式账机，被审计数据的录入和更新都会被同步至该账机副本上，从而在时间维度和空间维度都拓宽了审计范围，保障了审计数据的完整性。

从现状看，大部分航企刚刚走出持续近十年的航运低谷，靠自身研发力量不足以拥抱区块链技术，特别是企业现有信息架构在业务支持、风险管理、监管合规和系统兼容方面趋于成熟，反观区块链还存在诸多不成熟的地方，贸然投入可能给企业带来较高的沉没成本。因此，一些有前瞻性的航企，开始选择与有区块链研发实力的团队合作。把企业自身业务发展需求和区块链技术深度结合，创造出新的业务发展模式，进而提高效率、降低成本，提升行业竞争力。

北斗链正是为了适应企业的需求，而诞生的一个企业级区块链科技开放和应用平台。并且创造性的提出了“交易引擎”的概念，适应不同企业对区块链的多样化的需求。交易引擎是既智能合约之后，区块链领域有一重大创新突破。它将各行业不同的交易规则抽象为交易模型，企业在业务系统中只需调用一个或多个引擎的组合，配置不同的参数，就可以满足不同企业的个性化需求。

北斗链面向企业提供的区块链技术服务包括：
1，公有链资产发行；帮助企业发行企业自己的数字资产，高效低成本，实现企业的商业模式从传统模式向“类金融”模式转移。
2，私有链部署；为企业定制、部署私有链网络，协助企业建立和维护网络节点，实现区块链应用与企业其他信息化系统的深度整合。

2018年1月28日，北斗链创始人张蕾与航众国际集团CEO许大鹏就航运业务与区块链未来的合作模式、发展方向及应用前景进行了讨论，深入分析了传统航运业务的特点及易于产生的问题。基于区块链去中心化、公开透明、高效便捷等特点，二者的结合可以对已有问题进行规避，并大大提升工作效率，增加行业整体流动性，有效解决行业痛点。最后，双方对今后的合作达成一致，并签署了战略合作协议，开启了区块链航运应用的新方向与航运体系创新完善的新航程。