Javanese Eagle (*Nisaetus bartelsi*)

Javan Hawk eagle is one species of medium-sized eagle that is endemic in Java. This animal is considered synonymous with the symbol of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Garuda. And since 1992, this bird is designated as the mascot of Indonesia's rare animals.

Medium-bodied eagle, slim, with body length between 60-70 cm (from tip of beak to tip of tail).

The head is reddish-brown (kadru), with high-prominent crest (2-4 feathers, long to 12 cm) and a yellowish brown neck (sometimes golden when exposed to sunlight). Black top with white tip; crown and black mustache, while dark brown back and wings. The whitish throat with the black line (actually stripes) stretches out in the middle. Down, toward the chest, the black streaks spread over a pale brownish yellow color, which at the bottom end again turns into a red cross-cut pattern of sawa tree until brownish over pale whitish color of abdominal hairs and feet. Feathers on the legs close the legs up close to the base of the finger. Brownish tail with four dark lines and wide transverse visible on the underside, the tip of a thin white striped tail. Females are similar in color, slightly larger.

When flying, the Javanese eagle is similar to a brontok eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) of bright form, but tends to look more brownish, with the stomach looking darker, and slightly smaller in size.

The loud, high, repetitive, klii-iiwatau ii-iiiw, varies from one to three syllables. Or a high-pitched and fast-paced call. In a way, the sound is similar to the sound of a brontok eagle although the difference is quite clear in its tone.

Javanese eagles love tropical rain forest ecosystems that are always green, in the lowlands as well as in the higher places. Starting from near coastal areas such as Ujung Kulon and Meru Betiri, up to the lower and upper mountain ranges up to 2,200 m altitude and sometimes 3,000 mdpl. This predator hunts from its perch on tall trees in the forest. With a swift and agile ambush various prey in the branches of trees and on the ground, such as various types of reptiles, birds like walik, punai, and even chicken. Also small to medium sized mammals such as squirrels and squirrels, bats, weasels, up to monkey children.

The egging period is recorded from January to June. The nest is a pile of high-leaved leafy twigs, made on a tree branch as high as 20-30 on the ground. The eggs are one grain, which is roasted for approximately 47 days.

The nest trees are high forest tree species, such as rasamala (Altingia excelsa), pairs (Lithocarpus sundaicus), tusam (Pinus merkusii), puspa (Schima wallichii), and ki sireum (Eugenia clavimyrtus). Not always deep in the forest, there are also nests that are found only 200-300 m distance from the place of recreation.

In its habitat, Javan hawk spreads infrequently. So even though the total area of ​​agihannya, the total number is only about 137-188 pairs of birds, or the estimated number of individuals this eagle ranged between 600-1000 tail.This small population faces a major threat to its sustainability, caused by habitat loss and species exploitation. Illegal logging and forest conversion into agricultural land have shrunk primary forest cover in Java.

Considering the small population, its limited constraints and the high pressure it faces, IUCN's world conservation organization incorporated the Javanese eagle into EN (Endangered, threatened extinction) status. Likewise, the Indonesian Government designates it as an animal protected by law.
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