Epics POETRY-WAR #2 : Intro Hikayat Prang Sabii

Various famous war poems known in the article The GUARDIAN, including The Battle of Maldon, The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson, Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy, Christ and the Soldier by Seigfried Sasson, Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen, Aristocrats by Keith Douglas, MCMXIV by Philip Larkin, Requiem for the Croppies by Seamus Heaney, Platform One by Ted Hughes, The Death of the Ball Turret Guner by Randall Jarrell, and about 700-900 BC also have many famous Roman literary works include The Iliad and Odyssey by Homer. Here is one of the literary works of war poetry that is considered history as the most successful work to achieve the target of Hikayat Prang Sabii which was waged in every war of Aceh Nation.

Hikayat Prang Sabii is a Poetry War of the greatest literary work of Teungku Chik Pante Kulu, He deepened the science of Islam, history, logic, philosophy, and literature while in Mecca. It is estimated that around the end of 1880 AD Teungku Chik Pante Kulu left Mecca to Aceh, on his way back to the Land of Aceh, he succeeded in composing a great literary work, a poem about the spirit of war that is then called Hikayat Prang Sabii, his awareness of the magnitude of the influence of war poetry in inflame the spirit of the Muslims in the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW became the impetus in composing this work. Upon his arrival in Aceh Hikayat Prang Sabii was presented to Teungku Chik di Tiro in a solemn ceremony at Kuta Aneuk Galong.

Who is this Teungku Chik Pante Kulu ?. He is a prominent cleric for the Acehnese named Teungku Tjhik Hadji Muhammad Pante Kulu, born about 1251 Hijriah in Pante Kulu Village, Titeue Sub-district, Keumala Subdistrict, Pidie District. In the literature form of war poetry Hikayat Prang Sabii composed by Teungku Chik Pante Kulu consists of four stories, including:

1. The Story of Ainul Mardhiah (Angel of Heaven)
2. Story of the Elephant Troop
3. Said Salmy's Story
4. The Story of Muhammad Amin (Living Dead Slave)

This literary work is considered a poetry of war that really succeeded in reaching its goal of the heart of every young man and the people of Aceh, and make the Dutch colonial troops fear with the truth. As a result of widespread saga Hikayat Prang Sabii make the Dutch Government banned anyone who keep or read this tale it will be sentenced. In another poetry work illustrates how great the scattering of Hikayat Prang Sabii's literary works:

Despite the toxic Rencong and Sword,
Sabil War Hikayat more poisonous,
Dutch fear knees sway,
Story is prohibited from storing-reading.

In the days of the Dutch saga prohibited,
Who keeps multiple penalties,
Because the content stimulates war,
Raising the spirit of the Dutch opponent.

Thus the story contains poison,
Deadly disbelievers of the Dutch,
Depositors are punished unmercifully,
Hikayat seized, readers tortured.

Dutch feet wander around,
Nighttime busy looking,
For the sake of knowing who the depositors,
To the Netherlands the report was given.

For a moment,
Hikayat confiscated, owner in gari,
To the Dutch,
The storage is herded into the barracks.

Thus the saga stimulates war,
Enliven the spirit of news listeners,
Where the Netherlands meet in the fast,
Missing the love of the world.

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Macam-macam puisi perang terkenal yang terkenal seperti disampaikan dalam artikel The GUARDIAN, diantaranya The Battle of Maldon, The Charge of the Light Brigade oleh Alfred Lord Tennyson, Drummer Hodge oleh Thomas Hardy, Christ and the Soldier oleh Seigfried Sasson, Strange Meeting oleh Wilfred Owen, Aristocrats oleh Keith Douglas, MCMXIV oleh Philip Larkin, Requiem for the Croppies oleh Seamus Heaney, Platform One oleh Ted Hughes, The Death of the Ball Turret Guner oleh Randall Jarrell, dan sebelum masehi juga banyak karya sastra Romawi terkenal diantaranya The Iliad and Odyssey karya Homerus. Berikut merupakan salah satu karya sastra puisi perang yang dianggap sejarah sebagai karya paling sukses mencapai sasarannya yaitu Hikayat Prang Sabii yang dikobarkan dalam setiap peperangan Bangsa Aceh.

Hikayat Prang Sabii merupakan puisi perang karya sastra terbesar Teungku Chik Pante Kulu, Beliau memperdalam ilmu agama Islam, sejarah, logika, filsafat, dan sastra ketika berada di Mekkah. Diperkirakan sekitar akhir tahun 1880 Masehi Teungku Chik Pante Kulu meninggalkan Mekkah menuju ke Aceh, dalam perjalanan pulang menuju Tanah Aceh, beliau berhasil mengarang sebuah karya sastra besar, sebuah puisi tentang semangat peperangan yaitu Hikayat Prang Sabii, kesadaran beliau akan besarnya pengaruh puisi perang dalam mengobarkan semangat kaum muslimin di jaman Nabi Muhammad SAW menjadi dorongan dalam mengarang karya ini. Sesampai nya di Aceh Hikayat Prang Sabii dipersembahkan kepada Teungku Chik di Tiro dalam sebuah upacara khidmat di Kuta Aneuk Galong.

Siapakah sebenarnya Teungku Chik Pante Kulu ini?. Beliau merupakan Ulama berpengaruh besar bagi bangsa Aceh yang bernama Teungku Tjhik Hadji Muhammad Pante Kulu, lahir pada tahun 1251 Hijriah di Desa Pante Kulu, Kemukiman Titeue, Kecamatan Keumala, Kabupaten Pidie. Dalam karya sastra bentuk puisi perang Hikayat Prang Sabii yang disusun oleh Teungku Chik Pante Kulu ini terdiri dari empat kisah, diantaranya yaitu :

1. Kisah Ainul Mardhiah (Bidadari Surga)
2. Kisah Pasukan Gajah
3. Kisah Said Salmy
4. Kisah Muhammad Amin (Budak Mati yang Hidup Kembali)

Karya sastra ini dianggap sebagai puisi perang yang benar-benar berhasil mencapai sasarannya yaitu hati setiap pemuda dan rakyat Aceh, dan membuat tentara kolonial Belanda ketakutan dengan sebenarnya. Akibat tersiar luas Hikayat Prang Sabii membuat Pemerintah Belanda melarang siapapun yang menyimpan atau membaca hikayat ini maka akan dijatuhi hukuman. Dalam karya puisi lain menggambarkan betapa hebatnya pegerakan karya sastra Hikayat Prang Sabii :
​
Kendati beracun Rencong dan Pedang,
Hikayat Perang Sabil lebih berbisa,
Belanda takut lutut bergoyang,
Kisah dilarang menyimpan-membaca.

Di zaman Belanda hikayat dilarang,
Siapa menyimpan hukuman berganda,
Karena kandungan merangsang perang,
Mengobar semangat lawan Belanda.

Demikian kisah mengandung racun, 
Mematikan kafir Belanda celaka,
Penyimpan dihukum tiada ampun,
Hikayat dirampas, pembaca disiksa.

Kaki tangan Belanda berkeliaran,
Siang malam sibuk mencari,
Demi diketahui siapa penyimpan, 
Kepada Belanda laporan diberi.

Sesaat seketika sedadu pun datang,
Hikayat disita, pemilik di gari,
Kepada Belanda dipersembahka,
Penyimpan digiring ke dalam tangsi.

Demikian hikayat merangsang perang,
Membangkitkan semangat pendengar berita,
Dimana jumpa belanda di cencang,
Hilang melayang cinta dunia.

Reference :

[1] Hasjmy, Ali. 1977. Apa Sebab Rakyat Aceh Sanggup Berperang Puluhan Tahun Melawan Agresi Belanda
[2] Pante Kulu, Teungku Chik. 1946. Hikayat Prang Sabi
[3] Alfian, T. Ibrahim. 1992. Sastra Perang: Sebuah Pembicaraan Mengenai Hikayat Perang Sabil
[4] The Guardian, 2014. [Top 10 War Poems]. (Online) https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jul/30/top-10-war-poems-first-world-war-jon-stallworthy