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It shows the main parts of an oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) which are very valuable and are an important crop in Southeast Asia, Africa and South America. The fruit of the oil palm is recognized commercially, as it yields large supplies of useful and edible oils.

In farming, oil palms are grown year after year as evergreen crops in plantations. It typically takes 3 to 4 years for the tree to bear fruit which reaches its peak productivity between 7 and 18 years. It is found best in places with regular rainfall (about 1,800–2,500 mm) and temperature between 24°C and 32°C. The best soil for the tree should be loose, rich in organic matter and allow water to drain well.

You can see the beginning growth of fruits at the bottom of the fronds which is the usual stage for early or young enough oil palms. Inside these fruit groups are lots of little fruits rich in pulp oil and kernels containing additional oil. Because palm oil plants can produce both palm oil and palm kernel oil, their crop is economically worthwhile.

Pruning old fronds, applying the essential nutrients and using correct disease and pest control help you get the biggest yield. Managing the weeds and soil in your garden conserves water and helps plants get the nutrients they need. By spacing your trees well apart (typically about 8–9 meters), you allow more light and better air circulation which decreases disease and benefits fruit growth.

Cutting the ripe fruit requires people to chisel or sickle close to the end of the palm tree’s trunk. Depending on how well it is grown and where, a mature plantation can provide anywhere from 3 to 8 tons of oil per hectare every year. Employment and economic progress in oil palm–producing countries are greatly aided by the industry.

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